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Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone synthesized mainly in the liver, the main physiological regulator of platelet production. Participates in the development of precursors of other blood cells. TPO and other TPO receptor agonists are promising therapeutic agents.

Interleukin 2 is a cytokine that has pleiotropic properties and regulates several functional responses of target cells. It induces T cell proliferation (acting as a growth factor) and effector T cell synthesis of cytokines, thus providing an effector response. IL-2 is also a key factor in the development, expansion and maintenance of regulatory T cells, which plays an important role in balancing and regulating the immune response and preventing autoimmune diseases. Interleukin 2 is also capable of activating a number of other cells (B-lymphocytes, NK cells, neutrophils), triggering the processes of autivation and expression of receptor genes in them, the synthesis of effector molecules, and phosphorylation pathways for many intracellular proteins.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a hematopoietic growth factor and an immune response modulator. Human GM-CSF is a 127 amino acid monomeric protein with two glycosylation sites. The variability in glycosylation results in differences in molecular weight ranging from 14 kDa to 35 kDa. Non-glycosylated and glycosylated GM-CSF show similar activity in vitro.

Interleukin 4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the cellular and humoral immune response and is involved in the processes of proliferation, differentiation, and activation of cells of various types. IL-4 is expressed by activated T lymphocytes, mast cells, dendritic cells, NKT cells, basophils, eosinophils. The epithelium and tumor cells are sources of IL-4 in tissues.

Fibroblast growth factor-2 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. It has mitogenic activity against target cells, is a neurotrophic factor, participates in the regulation of angiogenesis, individual development, tissue regeneration, reproduction and pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including malignant tumors.

Insulin-like human growth factor I is a protein from the family of insulin-like growth factors, a hormone with a pleiotropic effect, which is involved in the growth processes of cell proliferation and differentiation, promotes cell survival, maintains their functions, and has anabolic effects.

Human hepatocyte growth factor - participates in the processes of morphogenesis and regeneration, stimulation of the survival of hepatocytes, tubular cells of the kidneys, neurons.

Interleukin 3 is a cytokine, a multipotent colony-stimulating hematopoietic factor, produced mainly by activated T-lymphocytes. The main function of IL-3 is participation in the differentiation and proliferation of myeloid precursor cells. IL-3 is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including hematological tumors. IL-3 is a therapeutic agent in the treatment of conditions associated with insufficient hematopoietic function of the bone marrow.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor is one of the key regulators of angiogenesis. The most important role in the human body is played by a protein of the VEGF family called VEGF-A. VEGF-A is a 45 kDa glycoprotein homodimer and plays a key role in chemotaxis and angioblast differentiation, endotheliocyte (EC) proliferation, vasculogenesis, and vascular remodeling. As a result of alternative splicing or proteolytic cleavage, 4 main isoforms of VEGF-A are formed, consisting of 121, 165, 189, or 206 amino acid residues.

IL-7 is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates T-lymphocyte differentiation and maintains homeostasis of naive T-cells and memory T-cells. It is possible that human IL-7 is involved in the regulation of postnatal development of B-lymphocytes. IL-7 plays an important role in the development of secondary lymphoid organs.

IL-15 is a pleiotropic cytokine. It is essential for the development, survival, and activation of NK cells. Participates in the induction of cytotoxic effector cells. Acting as an interleukin-2 antagonist, IL-15 contributes to the maintenance of CD8+ T memory cells and the maintenance and survival of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Acts on a number of other cells.

Stem cell factor is a growth factor produced mainly by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The cytokine SCF plays an important role in the survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells, melanocytes and germ cells, their migration and differentiation.